What does ground traffic comprise?

Ground traffic comprises vehicles, equipment, and personnel operating within the maneuvering areas of an airfield. This includes a wide variety of activities that occur on the ground, such as airport maintenance vehicles, fuel trucks, baggage handling, and other support services that are critical for the efficient operation of an airport.

Understanding the components of ground traffic is essential for ensuring safety and coordination on the airfield. Ground traffic must be effectively managed to prevent collisions and ensure that aircraft can move safely between the gate, runway, and taxiways. Options that focus narrowly on only aircraft, vehicles, or specific personnel do not encompass the full spectrum of what constitutes ground traffic, which includes multiple types of ground support operations and personnel involved in different services essential for airport function.