What happens to wind flow due to surface friction up to 3000 feet AGL?

Surface friction has a significant impact on wind flow, particularly near the ground up to 3000 feet above ground level (AGL). As wind moves over the Earth's surface, obstacles such as trees, buildings, and terrain create drag that slows down the wind. This phenomenon is especially pronounced close to the surface because the effects of friction are more noticeable at lower altitudes, where the wind interacts directly with these obstructions.

As a result, the wind speed decreases due to this frictional drag, creating what is known as a boundary layer. Within this layer, the wind slows significantly compared to the speeds higher in the atmosphere, where friction is minimal and winds can flow more freely. Thus, it is accurate to say that the wind flow experiences a reduction in speed as it moves through this frictional zone up to 3000 feet. Understanding this behavior is essential for pilots when considering takeoff, landing, and how local terrain can affect wind velocity at lower altitudes.