What is the function of Approach Lighting?

Approach lighting serves a crucial function in aviation by helping pilots align their aircraft with the runway during the final stages of approach and landing. This system typically consists of a series of lights positioned along the extended centerline of the runway, which provides visual cues to pilots, particularly in low visibility conditions or at night. The arrangement and color of the lights guide pilots by indicating the correct flight path toward the runway's threshold, thereby enhancing safety and precision during landing maneuvers.

While other options mention functions related to airport operations, they do not pertain to the specific purpose of approach lighting. Taxiway illumination is handled by different lighting systems designed for ground navigation, marking hazardous areas typically involves warning lights or signs, and alternate landing zones are indicated through other means, such as signage and specific approach charts. The effectiveness of approach lighting in guiding aircraft during critical landing phases underscores its importance in promoting safe flight operations.