What is the function of ILS in aviation?

The Instrument Landing System (ILS) is a crucial component in aviation that provides precision guidance to aircraft approaching a runway. Its primary function is to help pilots land safely, especially in low visibility conditions, by supplying both vertical and horizontal guidance during the final approach.

The ILS transmits radio signals that allow aircraft to determine their position relative to the runway centerline and glide slope. The system consists of two main components: the localizer, which provides lateral guidance to align the aircraft with the runway's centerline, and the glide slope, which offers vertical guidance to ensure the aircraft descends at the correct angle during approach.

This guidance is essential for maintaining the aircraft's safe trajectory as it nears the runway, helping to prevent accidents caused by misalignment or altitude errors. With the ILS, pilots can perform more precise landings, increasing safety and operational efficiency, particularly in adverse weather conditions where visual references may be limited.