What is the pressure gradient best defined as?

The pressure gradient is best defined as the rate of change of pressure with horizontal distance. This concept is fundamental in meteorology and aviation because it explains how pressure varies over a distance in the atmosphere, influencing wind patterns and weather systems. A steep pressure gradient indicates a significant change in pressure over a short distance, leading to stronger winds, while a gentle gradient suggests more stable conditions with light winds. Understanding the pressure gradient is crucial for pilots and meteorologists when predicting weather and managing flight routes.

The other definitions do not accurately capture the essence of what a pressure gradient is. The difference in pressure over a vertical distance pertains more to concepts like hydrostatic pressure rather than the horizontal change that the pressure gradient specifically refers to. The total atmospheric pressure in a given area is a measure of overall pressure but does not reflect the rate of change per distance. Similarly, the average pressure across multiple altitudes does not relate to the horizontal variation required for a pressure gradient definition.