What is the primary effect of orographic lift on weather patterns?

The primary effect of orographic lift on weather patterns is the occurrence of distinct weather conditions on either side of a mountain range due to the lifting of moist air. As air flows towards a mountain range, it is forced to rise. This elevation causes the air to cool, leading to condensation and precipitation on the windward side of the mountains. Therefore, one notable effect is increased precipitation on the windward side, where the air ascends.

Conversely, as the air descends on the leeward side of the mountain, it warms up again. This warming process reduces humidity and often leads to dry conditions, creating a rain shadow effect. As a result, areas on the leeward side typically experience much drier weather compared to the windward side.

Thus, the combination of increased precipitation on the windward side and dry conditions on the leeward side are both direct outcomes of orographic lift, reinforcing that the correct response is indeed both B and C. This dual impact on weather phenomena illustrates the significant influence mountains can have on local climates and weather patterns.