What is the significance of SPECI in meteorological reporting?

SPECI is significant in meteorological reporting because it indicates a special observation. This term is used to denote an updated weather report that differs from the standard aviation weather report, known as METAR. A SPECI report is issued when there are significant changes in weather conditions—such as sudden shifts in wind speed, visibility, or the presence of severe weather phenomena—that could affect flight operations. These updates are crucial for pilots and air traffic controllers to make informed decisions regarding safety and operational procedures.

The other options do not accurately reflect the meaning of SPECI. For example, forecasting severe weather pertains to predictions and is typically done through different meteorological processes, while air traffic delays, although affected by weather conditions, are not directly indicated by a SPECI report. Similarly, an annual climate report summarizes climatic data over a lengthy period and does not involve the immediate or operational aspects conveyed by SPECI.