What type of turbulence is generated by the disturbed airflow from an aircraft's wings?

Wake turbulence is the correct answer because it specifically refers to the disturbed airflow that is created by the wings of an aircraft during flight. When an aircraft generates lift, it creates vortices that spiral downward from the wingtips. These vortices can significantly affect the flight path of following aircraft, leading to potential turbulence. Wake turbulence is particularly hazardous during takeoff and landing as it can catch smaller aircraft off guard, leading to issues in maintaining steady flight.

In contrast, mechanical disturbances generally refer to turbulence caused by the interaction of wind with the ground or man-made structures, which is not specific to aircraft. Convective currents are caused by vertical movements of air due to temperature differences, while stable air describes a condition where air remains in place and does not mix, contributing to smooth flying conditions rather than turbulence. Thus, wake turbulence is unique in its association with the aerodynamic effects of an aircraft’s wings.