What type of turbulence is created by friction between opposing air currents?

The type of turbulence created by friction between opposing air currents is known as shear turbulence. This phenomenon occurs in the atmosphere where different layers of air move at various speeds or in different directions. As these air currents interact, particularly when there are significant differences in velocity or direction, shear turbulence can develop.

This interplay can be particularly pronounced near weather fronts, where warm air may be rising against cooler air, or in mountainous regions where air moves over and around terrain features. The changes in wind speed and direction can cause sudden and unpredictable changes in airflow, leading to turbulent conditions for aircraft flying through those areas.

Understanding shear turbulence is critical for pilots, as it allows them to anticipate and respond to turbulent conditions resulting from the dynamic nature of the atmosphere. While other types of turbulence, such as mechanical or thermal turbulence, are related to different factors—such as surface roughness or temperature changes—shear turbulence specifically hinges on the interaction of opposing air currents, making it the correct answer to this question.