What types of aircraft do controllers primarily focus on separating?

Air traffic controllers primarily focus on separating IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) aircraft from other IFR aircraft and VFR (Visual Flight Rules) aircraft from other VFR aircraft whenever possible. This is crucial because IFR aircraft rely on instrumentation for navigation and are subjected to specific separation standards due to their usually more complex flight operations, while VFR aircraft are visually navigating and have typically different operational requirements.

Separating IFR from IFR ensures reliable and safe distance between aircraft operating under instrument rules, which often fly at higher altitudes and along designated flight paths managed by air traffic control. On the other hand, separating VFR from VFR is also important, as these aircraft can maneuver more freely but still require separation to avoid mid-air collisions, especially in busy airspaces.

The focus on separating these types helps maintain the safety and efficiency of air traffic management. During busy periods or under varying conditions, this separation becomes even more critical to prevent conflicts in the airspace.