Which type of turbulence results from vertical currents caused by unequal heating of the Earth's surface?

The type of turbulence that results from vertical currents caused by unequal heating of the Earth's surface is daytime convection turbulence. This phenomenon occurs when the sun heats the Earth's surface unevenly, leading to the formation of thermal updrafts. During the day, surfaces heated by the sun can create localized pockets of rising warm air called thermals. As these thermals rise, they can cause bumps and variations in flight as aircraft navigate through this turbulent air.

In contrast, cold air advection turbulence refers to the disturbance caused when cold air moves into an area, which can displace or interact with warmer air. Mechanical turbulence occurs when airflow is disrupted by obstacles such as buildings or mountainous terrain. Frontal turbulence is associated with the movement of weather fronts, where variations in temperature and pressure lead to instability. Each of these types of turbulence has its own causes but does not specifically stem from the mechanisms of heating that generate daytime convection turbulence.